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Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy
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Vena Cava Filters: Why, When, What, How?

Andy C. Chiou, MD, MPH

Department of Surgery, 420 Northeast Glen Oak Avenue, Suite 301, Peoria, IL 61603 achiou{at}peoriasurgical.com

Kristen L. Biggs, MD

Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center; Lackland Airforce Base, TX

Jon S. Matsumura, MD

Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School; Chicago, IL

Pulmonary emboli, a potentially lethal venous thromboembolic complication, is a potentially preventable morbidity or mortality that surgeons should consider in the perioperative period or in high-risk patients. Prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement offers a high protection rate against fatal pulmonary emboli. This manuscript discusses the indications for filter placement, different types of currently available IVC filters, and problems and complications of filter placement and vena cava filters. Optional or retrievable IVC filters are also discussed. Overall, individual patient's clinical risks and benefits should be considered before vena cava filter placement. The new generation of optional filters may offer clinicians a new option of temporal risk reduction without the long-term complications that can be associated with permanent IVC filters.

Key Words: pulmonary emboli • inferior vena cava filter • thromboembolic complication..

Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Vol. 17, No. 4, 329-339 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/153100350501700407
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